You have been asked to evaluate the effectiveness of a new anti-smoking campaign in a local high school. You are able to collect pretest information on smoking rates before the campaign begins. You know that the entire school will be required to participate in the campaign and so random assignment is impossible. You are also aware that a reduction in smoking after the campaign could be caused by any number of other confounding variables. What can you do in this situation to enhance your ability to determine if the campaign was effective in reducing smoking

Use comparative approach

Explanation:

In simple words, one can use the relative comparison approach by testing the process on some other subject having similar characteristics. Find a comparable college that isn't participating in the program and incorporate them in some non-equivalent control group. This will conclude the effectiveness as the conclusion will be made on the basis of higher volume of population.

first, the romans stayed isolated because they had to defend their own territories from neighboring cities that were harassing them, like the etruscans. second, once the romans managed to defeat their neighbors, and started to expand their territory, they started to build roads and bridges. finally, now that the romans have covered their territory with roads functioning as highways, they could mobilize their legions faster to assemble larger military units in a specific place

the best and most correct answer among the choices provided by the question is the second choice "less supportive to the war of 1812"

the war of 1812 was a military conflict that lasted from june 1812 to february 1815, fought between the united states of america and the united kingdom, its north american colonies, and its native american allies.

i hope my answer has come to your . god bless and have a nice day ahead!