In the prince machiavelli argues that leaders maintain power through

fear and cruelty.

Explanation:

In the book titled THE PRINCE which was written by Niccolo Machiavelli, the author argues that leaders maintain power through FEAR and CRUELTY.

The book which was written 16th century serves as a guide or instructional material for new Princes or Royals in general.

The main idea of the book is that sometimes success and survival can rationalize the use of unethical standards to accomplish those goals.

the   square   deal   was   a   program   where   the   government gave any one   a fair   chance   to succeed

the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.