What effect did the First Battle of Bull Run have on the Union's outlook on the Civil war? A. The Victory energized Lincoln and the Union leaders, bringing about a quick end to the hostilities.

B. The defeat shocked Lincoln and the Union leaders, forcing them to make major changes in recruitment and strategy.

C. The defeat demoralized Lincoln and the Union leaders, causing them to lose many more battles in the coming months.

D. The victory made Lincoln and the Union leaders overconfident, so they underestimated the strength of the South for the next several battles.