What were the three forms of English madrigals? Describe each type. What were chorales? Why were they popular? What is a consort? Who was Guillaume Dufay? What contributions did he make to Renaissance music? Who was William Byrd? What contributions did he make to Renaissance music? Critical Thinking Questions How did music in the Renaissance differ from medieval music? What were the effects of the printing press on music and composers? If the Renaissance is thought to represent a rebirth or new birth, how is this reflected in the music of the Renaissance? What was the role of music during the Renaissance? How was it used in society? Many of the songs from ancient times through the Renaissance built on the melodies of previous songs. What were the advantages for composers of using a melody that had already been created?

The three forms of English Madrigal were the Ballet, Madrigal Proper, and the Ayre.

1. Madrigal Proper: In this form, the madrigal was through-composed. It used quite a bit of word-painting, which is the matching of music to the words in the text. For example, if the text discussed going down, the musical tones might descend or if the text discussed going fast, the tempo of the music might be increased. Word-painting as a technique would carry over from the madrigal to other forms of music and to the music of later time periods

2. The Ballet: This form of madrigal was lighter in style than the madrigal proper and it was often danced to as well as sung. The ballet also differs from the madrigal proper in that it is strophic rather than through-composed. Strophic music has at least two verses set to the same music.

3. The Ayre: This form of madrigal is performed in a number of different ways, including with or without accompaniment. If accompaniment is present, the instrument used also varied, from lutes to viols to other instruments of the period. When printed, ayres were often placed on the two pages of an open book, with the music on the left and the lyrics on the right page.

The composition of easily sang melodies, often based on traditional folk songs; They were popular because of press printing.

An instrumental ensemble consisting of six instruments.

Early Renaissance composer, he wrote music in almost every musical form available at the time.

Composer who created consort music, came out with many new songs.

During the Renaissance, the music had less theological themes than Medieval music, and the Renaissance was more polyphonic than the Medieval Era, which was mostly monophonic.

The printing press allowed chorales to be published, increasing their popularity. It also allowed for written music to be easier to read/access and more easily distributed.

Music in the Renaissance became more complex and less religious, which would be mirrored by the Enlightenment more than a century later.

Music was an essential part of civic, religious, and courtly life in the Renaissance. While the music was becoming less religious, the most important music of the early Renaissance was composed for use by the church, with polyphonic masses and motets in Latin for important churches and court chapels.

Composers, similar to remixes today, were able to use previously heard melodies, scales, and ostonados in order to create certain emotions in the listener by association. Reusing riffs made composing easier, as one didn't have to spend countless hours trying out different patterns, and could instead copy a melody completely, or shift it into a different key.

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