In research, a confound is a. the difficulty we experience in thinking of counter-examples to our beliefs. b. an alternative explanation for an outcome that comes about because more than one thing changed at the same time. c. when the outcome of a study contradicts the researcher's hypothesis. d. an instance when the actual outcome is contrary to the probabilistic prediction.

Aguiding principle of the national response framework is that: a. response partners use nonstandard structures to allow for flexible and scalable responses. b. unity of effort results when responding agencies are willing to relinquish their authorities. c. effective partnership relies on engaging all elements of the whole community. d. readiness to act encourages response partners to self-dispatch to an incident scene.