. Why did the New World lack trained lawyers and judges?

English judges and lawyers were scared to leave England for the New World.

Judges and lawyers were wealthy in England and had no desire to leave.

There were no laws in the New World until well after the American Revolution.

Judges and lawyers swore an oath to the King to not assist in the settlement of the New World.

Martha participates in a research study in order to receive extra credit for her psychology class. when she arrives in the research office she is given a can of what looks and tastes like beer, but which actually contains no alcohol. in the adjoining room martha's classmate karen is also participating in the study. karen receives a can of alcoholic beer. if the experiment was designed to test the effects of alcohol on concentration, then who is exposed to the independent variable?