What approach is often used to understand what’s defined as deviant within a society?

I think  the approach that often used is  Constructivism.
Often times, in a specific society , there will be a characteristic of pattern and behaviors that are tolerated and the one that don't.
For example, in Eastern culture, it is not tolerated to call someone that is older solely by name.

Popular sovereignty or the authority of the people referenced in the permeable of the constitution . this principle states that government power comes from the consent of the citizens.

1190 is your answer! the way you get it is 1400 - 15% =1190 : )