When california applied for statehood, southern states
they would lose equality in the senate.
enslaved workers would escape.
they would have to pass new laws to maintain slavery.
the gold-mining industry would overtake agriculture.

The correct answer is:  

They would lose equality in the Senate.

Since the Senate had just approved the admission as a free U.S. territory of Iowa in 1846 and Oregon, Wisconsin in 1848, the numerical equality between free and slave states in the Senate had just been restored.  

Southern senators wanted the next state admitted to the Union to support slavery because they feared they would lose equality in the Senate.

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explanation:

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usually, however, secession was popular enough without the of community leaders. prominent unionists, on the other hand, were a major reason that texas did not secede before march 1861. the most important of these was sam houston, the governor of the state from 1859 to 1861.

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