You are a judge considering the sentences of several convicted offenders. The first offender has been found guilty of burglary and larceny for the third time. The report tells you that the offender’s previous sentences were probation for the first offense and 14 days in jail for the second . You determine that the offender has not learned his lesson after the first two convictions, and you intend to send him a message with this sentence. Accordingly, you sentence him to the maximum allowed under the guidelines. Because you imposed this long sentence to try to teach this individual a lesson, so that he will not choose to offend again in the future, your sentence is an attempt at: a. ​general deterrence. b. ​rehabilitation. c. ​specific deterrence. d. ​i ncapacitation.

The authors of the paper "fudging the numbers: distributing chocolate influences student evaluations of an undergraduate course"† carried out a study to see if events unrelated to an undergraduate course could affect student evaluations. students enrolled in statistics courses taught by the same instructor participated in the study. all students attended the same lectures and one of six discussion sections that met once a week. at the end of the course, the researchers chose three of the discussion sections to be the "chocolate group." students in these three sections were offered chocolate prior to having them fill out course evaluations. students in the other three sections were not offered chocolate. the researchers concluded that "overall, students offered chocolate gave more positive evaluations than students not offered chocolate." indicate whether the study is an observational study or an experiment. give a brief explanation for your choice.