The Democratic-Republican party was founded based on
a. Thomas Jefferson's leadership and the Anti-Federalist ideology
b. Andrew Jackson's leadership and the Anti-Federalist ideology
c. Thomas Jefferson's leadership and the Federalist ideology
d. Andrew Jackson's leadership and the Federalist ideology

Explanation:

The Democratic-Republican party was founded based on Thomas Jefferson's leadership and the Anti-Federalist ideology

The Democratic-Republican Party  was founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the early 1790s after they were dissatisfied with the policies of the government based on Thomas Jefferson's leadership and the Anti-Federalist ideology and contended that the government did not have right to adopt additional powers to fulfill its duties under the Constitution.The party strongly opposed Federalist programs and emphasizing states rights,wanting more power to stay with the states and wanted the farmers, the common man to run the nation.The party was the first known opposition political party in the United State.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.