After studying very hard last semester, Sasha got very good grades in all her courses. She felt proud of herself, a very good feeling. This semester, Sasha is once again studying very hard. It appears that good grades are for Sasha's studying behavior.

positive reinforcers

Explanation:

In psychology, there are four distinct types of reinforcement including positive, negative, extinction, and punishment and comes under the operant theory conditioning.

Positive reinforcers: In psychology, the term "positive reinforcers" is described as a phenomenon that encompasses the inclusion of a specific reinforcing stimulus that generally follows a behavior and therefore it makes sure that the given behavior will occur or happen in future again.

In the question above, the given statement signifies that good grades are positive reinforcers for Sasha's studying behavior.

the old way of life was represented by superstition, an angry god, and absolute submission to authority. the thinkers of the age of reason ushered in a new way of thinking. this new way championed the accomplishments of humankind. individuals did not have to accept despair. science and reason could bring happiness and progress. kings did not rule by divine right. they had an obligation to their subjects. europeans pondered the implications for nearly a century. americans put them into practice first.