John says, "Please pass the salt." Ralph passes the salt. "Thank you," says John. John's request precedes a behavior (salt passing) that is reinforced ("Thank you"). Thus, the request "Please pass the salt" is a for passing the salt.

discriminative stimulus

Explanation:

A discriminative stimulus is used to reinforce a behavior in presence of a stimulus.In other words it is used to control the behavior in presence of a stimulus.Since the behavior has been reinforced in the past by the presence of the Stimulus.

For Example: A dog starts salivating when the bell is ringed.So here the bell is the Stimulus

in this part of the declaration it refers to the point when american people didn't recognize the british domain and   breaks the political bands with britain, they forced a respectful separation.

mankind was created and entitled equally with rights   which were life, freedom and the seeking for happiness.

it is a part of john locke's natural rights popular during the age of enlightenment that people had inalienable rights to life, liberty and property. this was reflected by thomas jefferson in his declaration of independence as rights to life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

another line in the declaration of independence is that people have certain rights just because they are human. humans are capable of obeying the three natural rights john locke mentioned making them governable by these laws and therefore entitled to these rights as well.