Maryann is listening to a song while waiting for a bus. Maryann cannot remember the name of the vocalist, but she is certain it is in her memory and just "out of reach." Maryann is experiencing a retrieval failure known as

Tip of the Tongue

Explanation: Tip of the tongue which is also known as TOT is the phenomenon of failing to retrieve a word or term from memory, combined with partial recall and the feeling that retrieval is imminent.

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Explanation:Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is the subjective feeling which occurs when a person is confident that they know something ,however they fail to recall the word.

They can still recall words closest to that word but not the actual word.

TOT this is an effect on the memory which causes someone to find it hard to retrieve a familiar word.

answer; i believe that the correct answer is (decreased)

as university of miami psychologists debra lieberman and adam smith pointed out in a recent article in the journal current directions in psychological science, humans have social and psychological mechanisms to deter incest. with very few exceptions, marriages between brothers and sisters and between parents and their children are verboten in every human culture. the primary psychological anti-incest mechanism is the yuck response. even the idea of sex with their mom or dad, bro or sis is upsetting to most people. the psychologist jonathan haidt has found that nearly everyone is repelled by the prospect of brother-sister sex, even in hypothetical situations in which there is no chance of pregnancy).

the biological cost of incest

this raises an interesting question: just what’s so bad about incest? sure, having sex with your dad or your sister seems gross — but why? some anthropologists have argued that incest taboos are learned social conventions. this explanation, however, doesn’t make sense to me as it does not explain the widespread existence of anti-incest mechanisms in creatures ranging from cockroaches to chimpanzees. second, the incest taboo is about as close to a universal law as human moral rules get.

why should mechanisms to avoid incest be so widespread both in nature and across human societies? the answer is simple. the problem with having sex close with relatives is that there is an astonishingly high chance that your offspring will be born with a serious birth defect.