The police are on the lookout for any minivan driven by a male between 10am and 2pm, based on their experience that individuals matching this descriptions are likely involved in drug dealing and money laundering. upon seeing the defendant operating an out-of-state minivan at 12 noon, the police follow the vehicle until it makes a lane change without using its directional signal.

when approaching the driver, the officer can see that the driver is throwing items into the back of the minivan. upon reaching the driver’s side door, the driver is covered in sweat, breathing heaving and the carotid artery on his neck is raised. based on these indicators, the officer asks the driver to exit the vehicle. the driver produces a photocopy of his new york license, which turned out to be suspended. while not arresting the driver, the police ask for consent to conduct of search of the vehicle. the driver refuses. the police then place the driver under arrest, place him in the patrol vehicle, and conduct an inventory search of the minivan. twelve kilos of cocaine are found in the rear area of the minivan. upon placing the kilos on the hood of the patrol car, the driver admits that he is a drug smuggler. what defense motions to suppress may be raised, and how would the court rule on each one?