Determine the sign (+ or −) of the torque about the elbow caused by the biceps, τbiceps, the sign of the weight of the forearm, τforearm, and the sign of the weight of the ball, τball. express your answers as using + and - separated by commas.

Ans: 
1.  τbiceps = +(Positive)
2.  τforearm = -(Negative)
3.  τball = -(Negative)

Explanation:

The figure is attached down below.

1. Torque about the elbow caused by the biceps, τbiceps:
Since Torque = r x F (where r and F are the vectors)
Where r is the vector from elbow to the biceps.

We can see in the figure that F(biceps) is in upward direction, and by applying the right hand rule from r to F, we get the counterclockwise direction. The torque in counterclockwise direction is positive(+). Therefore, the sign would be +.

2. Torque about the the weight of the forearm, τforearm:
Since Torque = r x F (where r and F are the vectors)
Where r is the vector from elbow to the forearm.

Also weight is the special kind of Force caused by the gravity.

We can see in the figure that W(forearm) is in downward direction, and by applying the right hand rule from r to F, we get the clockwise direction. The torque in clockwise direction is negative(-). Therefore, the sign would be -.

3. Torque about the the weight of the ball, τball:
Since Torque = r x F (where r and F are the vectors)
Where r is the vector from elbow to the ball.

Also weight is the special kind of Force caused by the gravity.

We can see in the figure that W(ball) is in downward direction, and by applying the right hand rule from r to F, we get the clockwise direction. The torque in clockwise direction is negative(-). Therefore, the sign would be -.

Gravity bc it’s gravity