What are some challenges that you think scientists face when trying to study other regions of space?

There are quite a few challenges which need our immediate attention as well as long term planning. So I am listing ten:

Food for the ever growing population of the world: With a current population of 7 billion, nearly 2 billion people don't have reliable source of food and hunger is prevalent in many parts of the world. With the world population set to touch the 9 billion mark in 2050, we are in desperate need of new inventions and practices in the field of agriculture, or we would perish due to the malign food resources.

Environmental protection: With the glaciers melting at an alarming rate and the forests being cut recklessly, it is estimated that we won't be left with enough land to inhabit or enough trees to provide us with oxygen and other amenities in the next 20-30 years. So it is important to find methods to stop global warming, scientifically and forcefully freezing the existing forest areas and scientific afforestation.

Clean and renewable energy: Science has to come to our aid to provide us with clean and green alternatives to the fossil fuels, who are not only perishing but destroying the planet gradually by extreme pollution. Also the new energy resources have to be renewable to prevent further exploitation of Earth's resources.

Explanation:

Technology uses science to solve human problems. Scientific challenges enhance our understanding of the world around us. From that perspective there are several challenges... even within each field.

Physics - Unification of quantum mechanics and gravity, safe nuclear energy

Astronomy - Dark matter, space exploration, origins/life of universe

neither accurate nor precise.