Which of these solutions has the highest freezing point?

1.0 m molecular sucrose (c12h22o11)

1.0 m ionic sodium chloride (nacl)

1.0 m ionic calcium bromide (cabr2)

1.0 m ionic aluminum bromide (albr3)

1.0 m ionic potassium chloride (kcl)

Option (a) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Depression in freezing point depends on Vant Hoff factor. So, more is the number of dissociated ions lesser will be the freezing point.

Mathematically,      

where   = freezing point depression

                             i = Vant Hoff factor

                = freezing point depression

                           m = molality of the solution      

The ratio between concentration of particles that are actually produced when a substance is dissolved and the concentration of a substance calculated from its mass is known as Vant Hoff factor.

Mathematically,    i =

For dissociation i is greater than or equal to 1.  1 then dissociation has taken place. When i = 1 then neither association or dissociation has taken place.  

Hence, sucrose will have i = 1 as it produces only one ion.

Sodium chloride will have i = 2 as it produces two ions.

Calcium bromide will have i = 3 as it produces three ions.

Aluminium bromide will have i = 4 as it produces four ions.

Potassium chloride will have i = 2 as it produces two ions.

Therefore, we can conclude that sucrose solution will have highest freezing point.

grav forces affect all objects magnetic forces affect magnetic objects and electric currents

the total distance that martina travels that day is

(distance from home to mom's office) plus (distance from mom's office to school)

plus (distance from school to library) plus (distance from library to friend's house)

plus (distance from friend's house to martina's house).

(we don't know what any of these distance actually is.)