A brass rod is 185 cm long and 1.60 cm in diameter. What force must be applied to each end of the rod to prevent it from contract- ing when it is cooled from 120.0°C to 10.0°C?

42000N

Explanation:

First you calculate how much it would contract, and secondly you then calculate the force to stretch it by that amount.

1) linear thermal expansion coef brass 19e-6 /K

∆L = αL∆T = (19e-6)(1.85)(110) = 0.00387 meter or 3.87 mm

Second part involves linear elasticity.

for brass, young's modulus is 15e6 psi or 100 GPa

cross-sectional area of rod is π(0.008)² = 0.0002 m²

F = EA∆L/L

F = (100e9)(0.0002)(0.00387) / (1.85)

F = 42000 or 42 kN

reserve is the answer