Iron filings sprinkled over a magnet define the gravitational field of the magnet.

from 1609, galileo galilei used the recently invented telescope to observe the sun, moon and planets. he saw the mountains and craters of the moon, and for the first time revealed the planets to be worlds in their own right. galileo also provided strong observational evidence that planets orbited the sun.

his discoveries about the moon, jupiter's moons, venus, and sunspots supported the idea that the sun - not the earth - was the center of the universe, as was commonly believed at the time.galileo turned his gaze toward venus, the brightest celestial object in the sky - other than the sun and the moon.

so easy. just google the electromagnetic waves and it’ll pop up.