How many 0.4-liter glasses of water does it take to fill up a 3.4 -liter pitcher?

Let n = number of glasses needed
1 glass gives us 1*0.4 = 0.4 liters of water
2 glasses give us 2*0.4 = 0.8 liters
3 glasses give us 3*0.4 = 1.2 liters
4 glasses give us 4*0.4 = 1.6 liters
and so on...
In general, 
n glasses give us n*0.4 = 0.4*n liters of water

So 0.4*n is going to be the same as 3.4 as we want to fill the 3.4 liter pitcher.
Set 0.4*n equal to 3.4 and solve for n

0.4*n = 3.4
0.4*n/0.4 = 3.4/0.4 <<--- divide both sides by 0.4
n = 8.5

If we want n to be a whole number, then round up to the nearest whole number. So we'll need 9 full glasses of water to fill the 3.4 liter pitcher. There is extra water in this case which isn't used. 

So the answer is either 8.5 or 9 depending on if your teacher wants you to round to the nearest whole number.