The umayyads ruled the first empire after the death of muhammad. they made their capital in the city of and expanded muslim power into spain. in 750, they were replaced by the who ruled this marked the beginning of islam's from

c. bounced back and forth from worthless to worth a lot and back to worthless

abraham lincoln was the president of usa and he had asked the audience to make a pledge on equality.

his pledge was:

“it is my earnest desire to know the will of the providence.”

lincoln also had hatred for people who condoned and practiced slavery and so he pledged:

""and if i can learnt what it is i can do it"" this is another pledge by abraham to reassure the congregation on how to deal with the providence will.

explanation:

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an expansion is one of two basic business cycle phases; the other is contraction. the transition from expansion to contraction is a peak, and the changeover from contraction to expansion is a trough.

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