Describe at least two ways by which a case could reach the supreme court

1. An order from the court to a lower court to send up the records on a case for review
2. The decision of a lower federal or state court has been requested to be reviewed
3. Determines whether the federal government should appeal lower federal court decisions to the Supreme Court
4. Justices or their clerks identify cases worthy of serious consideration

The virginia plan was primarily drafted by james madison.