Who was the leader of the political machine that controlled new york in the late 1800s using bribery and intimidation?

Which of the following led to a continuation of the treatment in the excerpt above? a)the brutality of the trans-atlantic african slave trade. b)spanish repression after violent native uprisings in new spain during the 16th century. c)european competition to quickly establish colonial holdings in the new world. d)the reliance of the spanish on native americans to provide labor under the encomienda system.

Why caused john quincy adams to write the monroe doctrine?

What type of monarch was fredrick the great ?