Ernest hemingway, part of the “lost generation,” often wrote works related to

the futility of war.

Explanation:

Ernest Hemingway belonged to the group of distinguished American writers of the 1920's called the "lost generation" because they had trouble conforming to life in the postwar era. In fact, both Hemingway and Francis Scott Fitzgerald were  considered pessimistic novelists.

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d. it gave farmers a way to organize for more political power