How does the study of economics relate to people's standard of living?

 Lets just say in A narrow sense, Economists usually measure standards of living using GDP. Per ca-pita GDP provides a quick, rough estimate of the total amount of goods and services available per person. Standards of living is usually measured using per ca-pita GDP And The standards of living are Normally Higher in developed countries.

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by creating a labor shortage that pushed the continent toward a market economy

thomas jefferson is the answer