Question: How did a dynasty lose or gain the Mandate of Heaven? A> - If the ruling dynasty was wealthy, it would keep the Mandate of Heaven.
B> - If the ruling dynasty was fair, it would keep the Mandate of Heaven.
C> - If the ruling dynasty was weak, it would lose the Mandate of Heaven.
D> - If the ruling dynasty was not spiritual, it would lose the Mandate of Heaven.

B> - If the ruling dynasty was fair, it would keep the Mandate of Heaven.

Explanation:

The Mandate of Heaven was a belief in the establishment of a ruler from the qualities of a person. Under this Mandate, there is no specific rule that determines who can or cannot become the ruler. Rather, a person's qualities, such as being fair, just, how well he can rule, or how 'good' he is in terms of his behavior and qualities.

The belief that such a ruler is determined from the internal qualities comes from the idea of the ruler being the "son of heaven". In other words, such type of person is good, just, kind, fair, and does not indulge in immoral or bad activities, which makes him ideal for a leader. Moreover, he will also be accepted by the gods, which is a huge factor.

So, if a ruling dynasty or a ruler is fair, he can keep the Mandate of Heaven but if not, then the Mandate cannot be his.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

representative government

formulating the initial idea for the policy

answer is c.