Who were washingtons four cabinates

Which of the following led to a continuation of the treatment in the excerpt above? a)the brutality of the trans-atlantic african slave trade. b)spanish repression after violent native uprisings in new spain during the 16th century. c)european competition to quickly establish colonial holdings in the new world. d)the reliance of the spanish on native americans to provide labor under the encomienda system.

Which of these constitutional amendments made all people born or naturalized in the united states into citizens of the united states ?

Based on the information given and the gauges which process or processes have their alarm light on?