We assume that the early governments in the ancient middle east was less centralized because of

divergent and distant trade patterns

the weakness of their armies and the frequency with which they were defeated by foreign foes

the existence of city-states

the absence of writing
2.
an important similarity between the pre-columbian civilizations in meso-america and classical greece was

warring city-states

trade with nearby civilizations

gods who possessed human characteristics

a common calendar
3.
soldiers from india would have most likely fought in wwi against

the french

the british

russians

germans