Technological advances such as the steam engine, spinning jenny, and cotton gin shortened the production time needed to manufacture goods and increased output.

True

Explanation:

It is TRUE that Technological advances such as the steam engine, spinning jenny, and cotton gin shortened the production time needed to manufacture goods and increased output.

This is evident in the fact that the invention of the steam engine, spinning jenny, and cotton gin in the eighteenth century changed the cotton industry as wool and linen in making the warp were not required anymore.

It also makes the employment of artisans required in the cotton industry rather them working at home. This invention then led to an improvement in the production ability and speed of textile manufactures

pepin the short[a] (german: pippin der kurze, french: pépin le bref, c. 714 – 24 september 768) was the king of the franks from 751 until his death. he was the first of the carolingians to become king.[b][2]

the younger son of the frankish prince charles martel and his wife rotrude, pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical education he had received from the monks of st. denis. succeeding his father as the mayor of the palace in 741, pepin reigned over francia jointly with his elder brother carloman. pepin ruled in neustria, burgundy, and provence, while his brother carloman established himself in austrasia, alemannia and thuringia. the brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the bavarians, aquitanians, saxons, and the alemanni in the early years of their reign. in 743, they ended the frankish interregnum by choosing childeric iii, who was to be the last merovingian monarch, as figurehead king of the franks.

i thinl it is the 1st answer