How did the development of the Bessemer process affect the growth of cities

Although the three-fifths compromise northern and southern states reach an agreement that allowed for ratification of the constitution, in the long run it had a negative effect on the nation because a) it gave too much power to the executive branch of the government. b) it forced the founding fathers to add the bill of rights to the constitution. c) it was only a temporary solution to the argument between "free" and "slave" states. d) it gave too much power to state governments and not enough to the federal government.

How did philip ii view the religious rights of protestant citizens in his empire

Based on source 1 which political strategy did sncc most likely support to bring about change in society?