Chapter 1
1. why does zinn dispute kissinger’s statement: "history is the memory of states? "
2. explain governor john winthrop’s legal and biblical justification for seizing indian land.
3. explain the main tactic of warfare used by the english against the indians.
4. according to roger williams, how did the english usually justify their attacks on the indians?
chapter 2
1. according to zinn, what is the root of racism in america?
2. why were africans considered "better" slaves than indians in virginia?
3. how did the slave trade begin in north america?
4. what evidence exists that america’s slaves did not accept their fate easily?
5. why did slave owners fear poor whites?
chapter 3 1.
according to zinn,
1. what was the underlying cause of bacon’s rebellion?
2. what was the "double motive" of the virginia government vis-à-vis bacon’s rebellion?
3. what generally happened to indentured servants after they became free, and to what extent did a class structure emerge in america by 1700?
4. explain the statement: "the country therefore was not "born free" but born slave and free, servant and master, tenant and landlord, poor and rich."
5. explain the statement: "race was becoming more and more practical."

Question (q): you say you would prefer moderate labor and lower wages; are you pretty comfortable upon your present wages? joshua drake (jd): i have no wages, but two days a week at present; but when i am working at some jobs we can make a little, and at others we do very poorly. q: when a child gets 3 s. [shillings] a week, does that go much towards its subsistence? jd: no, it will not keep it as it should do. q: do you receive any parish assistance? jd: no. q: why do you allow your children to go to work at those places where they are ill-treated or over-worked? jd: necessity compels a man that has children to let them work. q: then you would not allow your children to go to those factories under the present system, if it was not from necessity? jd: no. q: supposing there was a law passed to limit the hours of labor to eight hours a day, or something of that sort, of course you are aware that a manufacturer could not afford to pay them the same wages? jd: no, i do not suppose that they would, but at the same time i would rather have it, and i believe that it would bring me into employ; and if i lost 5d. [pennies] a day from my children's work, and i got half-a-crown myself, it would be better. q: how would it get you into employ? jd: by finding more employment at the machines, and work being more regularly spread abroad, and divided amongst the people at large. one man is now regularly turned off into the street, whilst another man is running day and night. q: you mean to say, that if the manufacturers were to limit the hours of labor, they would employ more people? jd: yes. how does joshua drake feel about a law that would limit working hours for children? how can you tell? list at least two pieces of evidence to support your answer. your answer should be in full sentences.