How did john locke’s beliefs differ from those of thomas hobbes?

a. locke believed that people are naturally reasonable, while hobbes believed that people are naturally selfish.
b. locke believed that people are naturally selfish, while hobbes believed that people are naturally reasonable.
c. locke believed that people need a social contract, while hobbes believed that people do not need one.
d. locke believed that people do not need a social contract, while hobbes believed that people need one.

A.Locke believed that people are naturally reasonable, while Hobbes believed that people are naturally selfish.

Explanation:

John Locke was an English philosopher and physician, considered one of the most influential thinkers of English empiricism and known as the "Father of Classical Liberalism." He was one of the first British empiricists. Influenced by the ideas of Francis Bacon, he made an important contribution to the theory of the social contract. His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Rousseau, thinkers of the French Enlightenment, as well as American revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the Declaration of Independence of the United States and the Bill of Rights of 1689. Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy. His best known work is the Leviathan (1651), where he laid the foundations of contractarian theory, of great influence in the development of Western political philosophy. In addition to the philosophical field, he worked in other fields of knowledge such as history, ethics, theology, geometry or physics. He is considered the theoretician par excellence of political absolutism, although in his thought appear fundamental concepts of liberalism such as the right of the individual, the natural equality of people, the conventional nature of the State (which will lead to the subsequent distinction between this and society civil), the representative and popular legitimacy of political power (since it can be revoked if it does not guarantee the protection of its subordinates), etc. His conception of the human being as equally dependent on the laws of matter and movement (materialism) continues to enjoy great influence; as well as the notion of human cooperation based on personal interest.

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