Only reason that germany and england were able to industrialize relatively quickly was that they had plenty of a) coal b) wood c) silver d) gold

coal

Explanation:

Coal was the main fuel used in the industrial revolution along with the steam engines, used in furnaces as well. The geography of England and Germany favored giving them both vast regions of coal as seen in the image below.

The demands of coal made both of these countries lead the Industrial Revolution. The demand of the United Kingdom in 1905 counted for 236,128,936 tons. This was only followed by Germany to an extent of 121,298,167 tons the same year.

Uk benefited from the abundance of coal, so the supply was interconnected, and the same could be said to Germany thanks to the region called Ruhr:

A key region controlled by Prussia near Essen. Often collaboration between British engineers and investors in the Ruhr further boosted industrialization.

As industrial centers created, ironworks came, the local coal transported creating new railways later achieving the major opening of nearby coal mines.

Mining became quickly a prominent economical activity that grew rapidly.

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b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation: