What word best describes the main idea expressed in the following sentence? the city-state of venice should only be governed by merchants who understand business and not by catholic clergy who only understand the bible. a. secularism b. confucianism c. humanism d. individualism

The answer is A. Secularism

   A.Secularism

Explanation:  City-state of Venice is a medieval creation, after the fall of the Roman Empire. It was known for its nobility and a completely different, liberal way of life, trade, various businesses. Venice was ruled by the Doge, chosen by the members of the Great Venetian Council. This was certainly a secular state, although the Church was nominally present. The fact that during the Crusades, Venice did not send its knights to a holy war.

the caste system in india is the paradigmatic ethnographic example of caste. it has origins in ancient india, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and modern india, especially the mughal empire and the british raj.it is today the basis of educational and job reservations in india.it consists of two different concepts, varna and jati, which may be regarded as different levels of analysis of this system.

the caste system as it exists today is thought to be the result of developments during the collapse of the mughal era and the british colonial regime in india. the collapse of the mughal era saw the rise of powerful men who associated themselves with kings, priests and ascetics, affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal, and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities.the british raj furthered this development, making rigid caste organisation a central mechanism of administration

i didn’t fully understand your question but i hope this you !