Before beginning an exercise program, a person should always a. consult with friends to see what workout works for them and then copy their workout regimen. b. have a medical exam to make sure it's safe to begin exercising. c. attempt to run one mile to test his or her fitness level. d. establish his or her maximum workout limit through one intense workout.

You are assessing an 86-year-old postoperative patient who has an unexpressive, stoic demeanor. when you enter the room, the patient is curled into the fetal position and your assessment reveals that his vital signs are elevated and he is diaphoretic. you ask the patient what his pain level is on a 0-to-10 scale that you explained to the patient prior to surgery. the patient indicates a pain level of “three or so.” you review your pain-management orders and find that all medications are ordered prn. how would you treat this patient's pain?