A friend describes this study in which all participants were given Adderall and everyone showed a 50% improvement in their scores on a standardized quiz from before to after they took the drug. What could be said about this study?

-There could be a placebo effect that was not measured

- There is no comparison group to determine if scores might have improved without the drug

i think life is life. many could argue that life is ‘nice’ or ‘fun’ but in the end, it is immaterial and will end. nihilism is my philosophy. nothing matters in the end so why make an effort?