Soulignez les 28 adjectifs qui caractérisent les noms en gras. La mer était basse, comme la veille au soir, et je regardais se dresser
devant moi, à mesure que j'approchais d'elle, la surprenante abbaye. Après
plusieurs heures de marche, j'atteignis l'énorme bloc de pierre qui porte la
petite cité dominée par la grande église. Ayant gravi la rue étroite et rapide,
j'entrai dans la plus admirable demeure gothique construite pour Dieu sur la
terre, vaste comme une ville, pleine de salles basses écrasées sous des voûtes
et de hautes galeries que soutiennent de frêles colonnes. J'entrai dans ce
gigantesque bijou de granit, aussi léger qu'une dentelle, couvert de tours, de
sveltes clochetons, où montent des escaliers tordus, et qui lancent dans le
ciel bleu des jours, dans le ciel noir des nuits, leurs têtes bizarres hérissées
de chimères, de diables, de bêtes fantastiques, de fleurs monstrueuses,
Guy de Maupassant, Le Horla, 1887.

William Blake was born in London on November 28, 1757, to James, a hosier, and Catherine Blake. Two of his

six siblings died in infancy. From early childhood, Blake spoke of having visions—at four he saw God ―put his

head to the window‖; around age nine, while walking dathrough the countryside, he saw a tree filled with

angels. Although his parents tried to discourage him from ―lying," they did observe that he was different from

his peers and did not force him to attend conventional school. He learned to read and write at home. At age ten,

Blake expressed a wish to become a painter, so his parents sent him to drawing school. Two years later, Blake

began writing poetry. When he turned fourteen, he apprenticed with an engraver because art school proved too

costly. One of Blake‘s assignments as apprentice was to sketch the tombs at Westminster Abbey, exposing him

to a variety of Gothic styles from which he would draw inspiration throughout his career. After his seven-year

term ended, he studied briefly at the Royal Academy.

In 1782, he married an illiterate woman named Catherine Boucher. Blake taught her to read and to write, and

also instructed her in draftsmanship. Later, she helped him print the illuminated poetry for which he is

remembered today; the couple had no children. In 1784 he set up a printshop with a friend and former fellow

apprentice, James Parker, but this venture failed after several years. For the remainder of his life, Blake made a

meager living as an engraver and illustrator for books and magazines. In addition to his wife, Blake also began

training his younger brother Robert in drawing, painting, and engraving. Robert fell ill during the winter of

1787 and succumbed, probably to consumption. As Robert died, Blake saw his brother‘s spirit rise up through

the ceiling, ―clapping its hands for joy.‖ He believed that Robert‘s spirit continued to visit him and later claimed

that in a dream Robert taught him the printing method that he used in Songs of Innocence and other

―illuminated‖ works.

Blake‘s first printed work, Poetical Sketches (1783), is a collection of apprentice verse, mostly imitating

classical models. The poems protest against war, tyranny, and King George III‘s treatment of the American

colonies. He published his most popular collection, Songs of Innocence, in 1789 and followed it, in 1794, with

Songs of Experience. Some readers interpret Songs of Innocence in a straightforward fashion, considering it

primarily a children‘s book, but others have found hints at parody or critique in its seemingly naive and simple

lyrics. Both books of Songs were printed in an illustrated format reminiscent of illuminated manuscripts. The

text and illustrations were printed from copper plates, and each picture was finished by hand in watercolors.

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