Acertain town has a lively, active downtown shopping district, but it is crowded with automobile traffic. some citizens think that the town council should bar traffic from the central street in the shopping district, turning it into a pedestrians-only plaza. a town council member makes a speech in favor of the proposal. which statements represent valid reasoning and which statements represent invalid reasoning? label as valid reasoning invalid reasoning barring motor vehicles from the central area will reduce air pollution and noise pollution. studies predict that shopping activity in the area will increase if cars are prohibited. at a dinner i attended recently, someone complained loudly about the number of cars in the shopping district. many cities of our size have downtowns that are only active during workdays, not on evenings or weekends.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

different routes can lead to sammy to different places, with different roads.   if you check a map, you can see the routes.   try to make connections of the places and count how many there are.   hope this : )