...(8) Although babies can do little more than eat, sleep, and cry, their brains are incredibly busy building neural pathways, processing new information, and developing language. (9) In fact, a recent study shows that newborns are even capable of learning in their sleep...

The writer wants to add a sentence before sentence 8 to show that the third paragraph is refuting the claim made in the second paragraph. Which sentence best accomplishes the writer’s goal?

a.) Not only do babies’ eyes move side to side during REM sleep, but they also move up and down.
b.) However, child psychologist David Foulkes argues that babies use REM sleep for other purposes.
c.) Contrary to popular belief, REM accounts for only one of the five stages of sleep that all humans, including infants, go through.
d.) On the other hand, one study conducted in 2010 indicated that babies have the ability to learn while they are sleeping.
e.) Whereas adults spend only a quarter of their sleep time in the REM stage, babies average closer to half their sleep time in this stage.

the illustration   that would give a reader a clear understanding of the text is a picture of men constructing the frame of a building.the frame is made of iron bars. the text describes the job of blacksmiths'. these were very organised and they had different names: "the driver" and "the heater". the text describes the way in which these men worked ; they worked iron pieces as if they were playing a sport. in fact, the text wants to show the men's skills. the text also puts some emphasis on the use of '' rivets'' in construction. this kind of nails were not always used in the construction of manhattan.

some examples:

"and with an underhand toss he hurled the smoking rivet straight at the catcher, who caught it in mid-air in his catching can." men's skills

"when the driver was ready for a new " the emphasis on the rivet ( special nail used in construction).

" it against a beam to remove any cinders, and jammed it into the waiting hole. " the emphasis on the rivet.

its structered sequentially i think

on apex:

removing american indians from the south is for their own good.