Which four phrases in this excerpt from robert stawell ball's great astronomers convey a commendable tone toward ptolemy's work? the name, ptolemy, appears to have been a common one in egypt in those days. the time at which he lived is fixed by the fact that his first recorded observation was made in 127 ad, and his last in 151 ad. when we add that he seems to have lived in or near alexandria, or to use his own words, "on the parallel of alexandria," we have said everything that can be said so far as his individuality is concerned. ptolemy is, without doubt, the greatest figure in ancient astronomy. he gathered up the wisdom of the philosophers who had preceded him. he incorporated this with the results of his own observations, and illumined it with his theories. his speculations, even when they were, as we now know, quite erroneous, had such an astonishing verisimilitude to the actual facts of nature that they commanded universal assent. even in these modern days we not unfrequently find lovers of paradox who maintain that ptolemy's doctrines not only seem true, but actually are true.

Explanation:

These are the four statements that the author makes that show that he believes Ptolemy to have been a remarkable and commendable figure. In this text, the author talks about Ptolemy and his work and discoveries. While the beginning of the passage shows an objective view of Ptolemy, the middle section is more subjective and expresses the deep admiration that the author had for this person. The author conveys this through the use of words such as "greatest," "wisdom," "illumined" and "astonishing."

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)