A Rankine steam power plant is considered. Saturated water vapor enters a turbine at 8 MPa and exits at condenser at 10 kPa. The pump is considered isentropic and the turbine isentropic efficiency is 85%. If the net power output is 100 MW calculate the thermal efficiency of the plant and the mass flow rate of steam

0.31

126.23 kg/s

Explanation:

Given:-

- Fluid: Water

- Turbine: P3 = 8MPa , P4 = 10 KPa , nt = 85%

- Pump: Isentropic

- Net cycle-work output, Wnet = 100 MW

Find:-

- The thermal efficiency of the cycle

- The mass flow rate of steam

Solution:-

- The best way to deal with questions related to power cycles is to determine the process and write down the requisite properties of the fluid at each state.

First process: Isentropic compression by pump

       P1 = P4 = 10 KPa ( condenser and pump inlet is usually equal )

      h1 = h-P1 = 191.81 KJ/kg ( saturated liquid assumption )

       s1 = s-P1 = 0.6492 KJ/kg.K

       v1 = v-P1 = 0.001010 m^3 / kg

       P2 = P3 = 8 MPa( Boiler pressure - Turbine inlet )

       s2 = s1 = 0.6492 KJ/kg.K   .... ( compressed liquid )

- To determine the ( h2 ) at state point 2 : Pump exit. We need to determine the wok-done by pump on the water ( Wp ). So from work-done principle we have:

- From the following relation we can determine ( h2 ) as follows:

                          h2 = h1 + wp

                          h2 = 191.81 + 8.0699

                          h2 = 199.88 KJ/kg

Second Process: Boiler supplies heat to the fluid and vaporize

- We have already evaluated the inlet fluid properties to the boiler ( pump exit property ).

- To determine the exit property of the fluid when the fluid is vaporized to steam in boiler ( super-heated phase ).

              P3 = 8 MPa

              T3 = ?  ( assume fluid exist in the saturated vapor phase )

              h3 = hg-P3 = 2758.7 KJ/kg

              s3 = sg-P3 = 5.7450 KJ/kg.K

- The amount of heat supplied by the boiler per kg of fluid to the water stream. ( qs ) is determined using the state points 2 and 3 as follows:

Third Process: The expansion ( actual case ). Turbine isentropic efficiency ( nt ).

- The saturated vapor steam is expanded by the turbine to the condenser pressure. The turbine inlet pressure conditions are similar to the boiler conditions.

- Under the isentropic conditions the steam exits the turbine at the following conditions:

             P4 = 10 KPa

             s4 = s3 = 5.7450 KJ/kg.K ... ( liquid - vapor mixture phase )

- Compute the quality of the mixture at condenser inlet by the following relation:

- Determine the isentropic ( h4s ) at this state as follows:

- Since, we know that the turbine is not 100% isentropic. We will use the working efficiency and determine the actual ( h4 ) at the condenser inlet state:

- We can now compute the work-produced ( wt ) due to the expansion of steam in turbine.

- The net power out-put from the plant is derived from the net work produced by the compression and expansion process in pump and turbine, respectively.

The mass flow rate of the steam would be 126.23 kg/s

- The thermal efficiency of the cycle ( nth ) is defined as the ratio of net work produced by the cycle ( Wnet ) and the heat supplied by the boiler to the water ( Qs ):

The thermal efficiency of the cycle is 0.31

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explanation: