What limits the practical realization of higher efficiencies in the otto cycle?

We know that all petrol engines are works on Otto cycle.Otto cycle have four process out of four two are constant volume process and others two are isentropic processes.

There are lots of limitations for practical Otto cycle these are as follows

1.In practical cycle heat can not add at constant volume.

2.In practical cycle there is a gap between combustion of two set of fuel.

3.Lots of heat is dissipated by cylinders.

4.Valve opening and closing is not a sudden process it requires some time.

5.There is a limitations of cylinder material ,it means that temperature of cycle can not rise after a specified limit of material.

Due to these above limitations practical cycles have low efficiency as compare to ideal cycle.

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what happend?

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