For each of the following changes at equilibrium, indicate whether the equilibrium shifts in the direction of products, reactants, or does not change: CaCO3(s)+heat⇌CaO(s)+CO2(g) 1) increasing the temperature
shifts equilibrium in the direction of the reactants
does not change
shifts equilibrium in the direction of the products
2) decreasing the volume of the container
shifts equilibrium in the direction of the reactants
shifts equilibrium in the direction of the products
does not change
3) adding a catalyst
shifts equilibrium in the direction of the reactants
shifts equilibrium in the direction of the products
does not change
4) adding more CaO(s)
does not change
shifts equilibrium in the direction of the reactants
shifts equilibrium in the direction of the products

shifts equilibrium in the direction of the products

shifts equilibrium in the direction of the reactants

does not change

shifts equilibrium in the direction of the reactants

Explanation:

When a constraint such as a change in pressure, concentration or temperature is imposed on a reaction system in equilibrium, the equilibrium position will shift in such a way as to annul the constraint.

The reaction is endothermic as written. Hence, increase in temperature increases the rate of forward reaction thereby shifting the equilibrium position towards the products.

When the volume of a reaction is decreased, the equilibrium position shifts in the direction which produces the least total volume. In this case, decrease in volume shifts the equilibrium position towards the reactants.

A catalyst has no effect on the equilibrium position. However, a catalyst may cause equilibrium to be achieved faster or at a lower temperature.

When more CaO is added, the equilibrium position shifts towards the reactants side and more CaCO3 is produced.

a. the law of proportion states the combination of 2 atoms in a specific ratio to produce multiple compounds such as the given statement of question ‘1st compound contains 88.8 % cu ’ indicates 88.8 g of cu is present along with 11.2 g oxygen in 100 g of compound whereas the statement ‘2st compound contains 79.9 % cu ’ indicates 79.9 g of cu is present along with 20.1 g oxygen in 100 g of compound

1st compound contains 88.8 g cu

for cu

m = 63 g /mol

atomic % = 88.8 /63 = 1.42

for o

m = 16 g /mol

atomic % = 11.2 /16 = 0.7

b. the emperical formula of 1st compound is

cu1.4o0.7

cu2o