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the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.

the reaction mixture contains some ammonia, plus a lot of unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen. the mixture is cooled and compressed, causing the ammonia gas to condense into a liquid. the liquefied ammonia is separated and removed. the unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen are then recycled back into the reactor .

  the   balanced   equation   for   reaction of   ca metal   with   o2 to   produce   cao   is as below

2 ca+ o2→ 2 cao2

  explanation

the reaction is   balanced     since the   number of atoms   in reactant side is   equal to   number of atoms   in   product side.   for   example   they   are 2   atom of   ca in   reactant   side   and   2   atoms of ca   in   the product side.

  the   process   is a   meet the   requirement   of   redox   reaction because :     calcium   is   oxidized   from   oxidation state 0   to 2+   while   oxygen   is reduced from   oxidation   state   0   to 2-