Which substance reacts with an acid or a base to control ph?

Salt, sodium ion and buffer
Buffer is the best answer : Baking soda
Buffers: A buffer is a compound that limits the change in hydrogen ion concentration (and so pH) when hydrogen ions are added or removed from the solution. It may be useful to think of the buffer as being like a sponge. When hydrogen ions are in excess, the sponge mops up the extra ions. When in short supply the sponge can be squeezed out to release more hydrogen ions

Rethink and reinvent