Write chemical equations and corresponding equilibrium expressions for each of the two ionization steps of carbonic acid.

H₂CO₃(aq) ⇄ H⁺(aq) + HCO₃⁻(aq)   K₁ = [H⁺][HCO₃⁻]/[H₂CO₃]

HCO₃⁻(aq) ⇄ H⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)    K₂ = [H⁺][CO₃²⁻]/[HCO₃⁻]

Explanation:

Let's consider the equation for the first step of the ionization of carbonic acid.

H₂CO₃(aq) ⇄ H⁺(aq) + HCO₃⁻(aq)

The first ionization constant is:

K₁ = [H⁺][HCO₃⁻]/[H₂CO₃]

Let's consider the equation for the second step of the ionization of carbonic acid.

HCO₃⁻(aq) ⇄ H⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)

The second ionization constant is:

K₂ = [H⁺][CO₃²⁻]/[HCO₃⁻]

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