Agas sample enclosed in a rigid metal container at room temperature (20.0∘c) has an absolute pressure p1. the container is immersed in hot water until it warms to 40.0∘c. what is the new absolute pressure p2? express your answer in terms of p1.

Answer : The new absolute pressure is,

Explanation :

Gay-Lussac's Law : It is defined as the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant volume and number of moles.

or,

where,

= initial pressure of gas

= final pressure of gas

= initial temperature of gas =

= final temperature of gas =

Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get:

Therefore, the new absolute pressure is,

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.