Which atom in the ground state has an outermost electrons in the shells of a calcium energy

The answer is Cs, no. 2.

Cesium (Cs) is an element which has an outermost electron with most energy in the ground state. 

 Cesium (Cs), Lithium (Li), Potassium (K), and Sodium (Na) are elements which belong to the group 1 family, the alkali metals. Each has a valance of 1 and wants to release/ lose this e- (electron) to be isoelectronic with the nearest noble gas. Based on the periodic trends, an atom’s radii will raise going down a group.  

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d.) the average kinetic energy of the gas particles is greater in container b because its particles move faster.

the earth would become to overheated and everything alive on it will eventually die from overheating. plants will eventually die as well, water will evaporate, and it will be nothing but a hot planet without anything living on it.