The distribution of na ions across a typical biological membrane is 10 mmol l1 inside the cell and 140 mmol l1 outside the cell. at equilibrium the concentrations are equal. what is the gibbs energy difference across the membrane at 37°c? the difference in concentration must be sustained by coupling to reactions that have at least that difference of gibbs energy

How do you lengthen a pattern piece? (family and consumer science, sewing)

An atom of which element reacts with an atom of hydrogen to form a bond with the greatest degree of polarity ?

Astable electron arrangement for an atom is one that does not easily change. how is this arrangement arrived at? a. valence electrons are transferred or shared to create a full outer shell of electrons. b. valence electrons are discarded into space to create a full outer shell of electrons. c. protons (positive charge) pair with valence electrons (negative charge) to create a strong bond. d. outer shells with valence electrons are transferred or shared.