Suppose 10.0 ml of 2.00 mnaoh is added to (a) 0.780 l of pure water and (b) 0.780 l of a buffer solution that is 0.682 min butanoic acid (hc4h7o2) and 0.674 min butanoate ion (c4h7o2–). calculate the ph of (a) and (b) before and after the addition of the naoh. assume volumes are additive. (ka, hc4h7o2= 1.5 × 10-5)

a) pH will be 12.398

b) pH will be 4.82.

Explanation:

a) The moles of NaOH added = molarity X volume (L) = 2 X 0.01 = 0.02 moles

The total volume after addition of pure water = 0.780+0.01 = 0.79 L

The new concentration of /NaOH will be:

the [OH⁻] = 0.025

pOH = -log [OH⁻] = 1.602

pH = 14 -pOH = 12.398

b) The buffer has butanoic acid and butanoate ion.

i) Before addition of NaOH the pH will be calculated using Henderson Hassalbalch's equation:

pKa=

ii) on addition of base the pH will increase.

these nuts

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight   the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the have energy higher than those in the orbital while lower than those of the orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the orbital is therefore filled right after orbitals and before orbitals.  

potassium has electron configuration and calcium . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the and should be highlighted as well.